Popular Culture and Gender Equality

Popular culture continually mutates and occurs uniquely in place and time. It represents a complex of equally interdependent points of view and values that influence society and its organizations. It also influences people in various ways: this is important because it creates balance between certain societies in our everyday lives, but can also have a negative impact as it creates inequality which may lead to conflict. A good example of this is gender inequality in decision-making at all levels. Despite the widespread movement towards democratization in most countries, women are largely underrepresented at most levels of government. They have made little advancement in reaching political power over the years or in achieving the target certified by the Economic and Social Council of having 30 percent women in positions at decision-making levels by 1995 (image 1). Inequality in the public can often begin within the family when power relations between men and women are unbalanced with unfair attitudes and activities (image 2). The unequal division of labour and responsibilities within households based on unequal power relations also limits women's potential to find the time and develop the skills required for participation in decision-making in wider public environments. Power and knowledge is not the same thing, however they are both very dependent on one another. Therefore without knowledge, power cannot be initiated. Feminists theorize that it is man that holds the key to knowledge in society today; therefore, power naturally follows. As for the entertainment world, the opinions of screenwriters and producers become implanted into our culture and present a base for gender roles. Traditional female roles are still being presented in the mass media, and as feminism takes the spotlight, more viewers are taking notice and little films are presenting equality. A good example of this is Sandra Bullock in the movie called Miss Congeniality (image 3). As a woman with many masculine qualities, (image 4) Gracie somehow becomes the last resort for a F. B. I. assignment as undercover Miss New Jersey in the Miss United States Pageant. Gracie follows the path to a cuter, mannered woman, but still keeps many characteristics of her masculine personalities by the end of the film. Another common area of popular culture where gender inequality takes place is the PC gaming world. The awful sexist plot of Starcraft 2 is not at all a secret: it is widely mocked and insulted (image 5). The single-player campaign storyline for one of 2010?s best-selling PC games stands between bad writing and extreme social politics as it comes across to be very offensive. Not many people like it, although in the testosterone-filled world of hardcore PC gaming, most people haven’t taken too seriously just how sexist it is. In everyday life, people are forced to deal with gender equality in their workplaces (image 6). Some believe that gender inequality persists in the modern world because men and women are different in behavior and preferences in so many ways. Social institutions know that, and some try to work around it in ways that don’t disadvantage women unreasonably. That is why most employers don’t pay women less than men for the same occupations, but acknowledges that women choose different occupations than men, usually occupations paying less (image 7). One of my favourite examples of promoting change in society is the song called Cant Hold Us Down by pop artist Christina Aguilera in which she creates a female empowerment anthem, expressing her disgust with the double standards of society (image 8 and 9). She feels that male stars are respected and worshipped for bragging about their wild sex lives, but when women like Aguilera try to express their sexuality, they get labeled as whores. Although it may sometimes be challenging to live in a world filled with inequality, it is important we realize that nothing in life is easy and woman all need to stand together in order to change the society in positive ways that promotes complete equality.

Vasilauskas Callie Unit

At first England is referred to as, ‘This other Eden, deem-paradise/ This fortress built by nature for herself' (2. 1, p. 677-720, 41-44). Gaunt compared the garden of England to the Garden of Eden, Gods Garden! Soon that image is destroyed with descriptions of England defeating itself, much like pests and rodents destroying a garden from the inside out. Referencing both the Garden Of Eden and the internal destruction of the garden, it is obvious that this speech is more than just rambling about flowers and bugs.Describing England as much more than just place to live while also commenting how it is those that live in England that will destroy it is much more religious than some might think. While in the Duke of Works garden, it becomes evident who the â€Å"pests† of the garden really are. King Richard and his merry men are the parasites that are destroying the Garden of England. â€Å"When our sea walled garden, the whole land is full of weeds/ Her fairest flowers chok ed up, her fruit trees all unpinned/ Her hedges ruined, her knots disordered and her wholesome herbs swarming with caterpillars (3. , p. 1836-1919, 40-46). In the same scene on lines 51-65, it is made clear that it is the king that has not trimmed and dressed his land. While he does not directly come out and say the word, â€Å"garden†, Blinkered speaks of the, â€Å"Caterpillars of the commonwealth/ Which have sworn to weed out and pluck away† (2. 3, p. 1277-1 357, 166-167). We know, of course, that Blinkered is speaking of the Kings advisors, Bushy, Bogota, and Green. Talking about the pests of the garden that are destroying it is a very important part of the play.Knowing who is letting weeds flourish in the Arden makes it easier to get the plants in a row. In regards to the gardens in the play, feel that Shakespeare was writing on more of a religious front than anything. Using the Garden of Eden as a way to describe England was my first tip off. The beauty, bliss, a nd purity that we all know of the Garden of Eden made it easy to picture England as a beautiful garden. Once the ugliness and betrayal made an appearance, Adam and Eve and their betrayal to God came to mind. While they could not resist temptation, King Richard could not resist either.He became greedy and money hungry with the desire of land and power. This led to the internal failure of the garden since the main â€Å"gardener† was failing at his duties. Religion was a major undertone in The Tragedy of King Richard II, and when I realized this I finally noticed how wonderful the writing of Shakespeare truly is. Once you get past the different style of writing, it is easy to admire the beauty within the play. It is clear why John of Jaunts speech about the garden is one of the most famous speeches of the play.

Trends in Communication Technology

TechnoloCharlotte Cole XCOM 285 November 23, 2012 Technology Trendy Communication Technology changes constantly and it may be difficult for businesses to always be able to keep up with the new technological trends that arise. Many companies do what they are able to and try to use technology as much as they can to promote their business and communicate with their current and potential customers.In today’s technological world we have the internet, cellphones, and social media to communicate with customers in addition to the old fashion way of commercial and other ads. Many businesses use Facebook and Twitter to promote their business because they are and the only cost involved (if you do not work on these accounts yourself) would be the manpower to keep these pages up-to-date. Cell phones are another way to communicate with customers but sending out mass text messages and coupons that can be used; I am not sure what cost is involved with this method.I do see many businesses use social media and other forms, but the larger companies seem to take advantage of technology the most. Keeping up-to-date websites is extremely important, but again this can be costly due to hiring someone to keep the site up and time consuming. My company is having a problem with this, which I feel affects our business because I daily have to contact customers with corrections on designs and colors of our products.I see there is a cost in using some of the different methods, such as running a banner on specific websites, having your own website or having your business website appears on Google, so this may limit many smaller businesses from using technology as much as they would like to. I do think that businesses use technology as much as they can and try to constantly look into new ways to promote.

The Role Of Nursing In The Solutions Of The Smoking Issues Research Paper

The Role Of Nursing In The Solutions Of The Smoking Issues - Research Paper Example The reason behind the selection of the hospital is that the healthcare centers in the US are notified to have vast diversion and a large number of subjects, which can provide an opportunity to put quality care to the individuals available herein. In relation to this particular research study, sampling method will be selected as the approach for the data collection to ensure reliability and validity by enduring the research in the real environment with reference to data collected from the selected participants. Moreover, in order to conduct the research and address the importance of nursing education in smoking cessation, the template will be designed in order to input all the necessary information of individuals habituated to smoking. In this regard, as affirmed above, different healthcare centers will be selected for ascertaining the research objectives. The particular research study aims towards promoting education in the individuals who are addicted to smoking cessation and assist them by presenting valuable information regarding the various ill effects of such habit. Thus, the questionnaire survey will be conducted for the sample size of 200 individuals, which will include 100 in the study group and 100 in the control group from different healthcare centers of the US. The fundamental reason behind utilizing this approach, as the methodology to collect data was to draw appropriate conclusions in alignment to the aforesaid aim of the research. Moreover, in order to derive the ultimate research aims, certain questions regarding age, gender, marital status, education level, the period since they are addicted to smoke and any education sessions attended or not will be framed. Nevertheless, this data will significantly assist in providing a detailed view of the way they perceived education.

Company Profile Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company Profile - Assignment Example It is in California that its first registered restaurants were started. Out of the many restaurants, it operates under different registrations with about one hundred and sixty-five registered as ‘Cheesecake brands’ while the others put as ‘Grand Lux Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. As at today, the company has expansively stretched, and it has pierced through foreign countries to the Middle East. I define the company’s mission statement as an orientation towards customer satisfaction aimed at gratifying the consumers’ needs through effective service delivery.As provided for in the theory of consumer behavior, customers are more likely to remain loyal to a brand through satisfaction. It is this realization that underpins the company’s mission statement. It seeks to create an enabling environment that ensures that customers are fulfilled by the services offered. The purpose and vision of the company can be defined as an existence to outdo others and emerge the best in the industry in the highly competitive industry. It seeks to achieve this through its determination to provide high-quality food. As given in the theory of comparative advantage, this will enable the company to record high sales since customers would want to be part of a high quality producing company. Vision and purpose list include high quality food, good customer relations, and high-profit generation. Effective leadership is one area that has seen Cheesecake grow to what it is today. According to Pinnington (2011), leadership is defined as the act of winning a team and persuading them to follow one into carrying out a certain task or project so as to meet the objectives. Behavioral theory as leadership perspective conceptualizes that effective leadership is achieved when an effective strategy and actions are used in approaching the leadership task. Cheesecake Factory’s leadership

Consultancy Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Consultancy Project - Essay Example In 2004, Neary argued and said that strategic rationale and efficiency gain derived out of mergers and acquisitions are the two common reasons identified by Business Organization Literature (Neary, 2004, p.48). To study the literature on this research area, empirical researches done related to this study will be collected from the online books and journals. Most of the previous researches indicated that M&A activity has a 50 percent chance of success which is similar to the probability of getting a ‘head’ when an individual toss an unbiased coin. In 2004, Bruner argued and said that synergy means co-operate or work together and involves in merger when two organizations come together and pool in their resources and expertise for better performance, which is also known as synergy. Thus, in order to achieve continuous growth and survive global competition it is important for organizations to adapt M&A strategy. In today’s world the primary objective of a firm is to survive the cut-throat competition and one way to do that is to make more profits and add value to shareholders’ wealth. The ladder of success for any firm is ‘growth’ which can be achieved either by expanding existing resources or introduction of new products and services. Another way of achieving growth is through merger and acquisition (M&A). It has become an important an important way for firms to expand their product portfolios and gaining new markets. M&A also helps the firm’s to acquire knowledge, latest technology and improved management capabilities. In addition, M&A has been found to be extremely successful for specific sectors like pharmaceuticals where extensive Research & Developments are required. Tesco is the second largest company (after Wal- Mart) to earn profit as well as in the retail industry, the company holds the position of

Disadvantages of Performance-related Pay outweigh its Advantages Essay

Disadvantages of Performance-related Pay outweigh its Advantages - Essay Example Critics have analyzed performance-related pay differently, as many of the writers in various articles indicate that performance-related pay is a fruitful payment method due to which, there is more competition for positive working and people are more motivated towards effective task performance. On the other hand, there are also writers that have written articles negating the effectiveness of performance-related pay. According to the writers that are against the adoption of method of payment on the basis of basis, the payments are given to only those employees that are able to be close to the administration or management and that the pay is not given to them because of their effective working but on the basis of favouritism. Performance-related pay can have a positive as well as negative impact in various workplace environments. This paper discusses that performance related pay has many advantages but the disadvantages associated to it are overwhelming and devalue this mode of payment. The various forms of performance related pay are described after which, some authorial opinions are analyzed in terms of performance related pay and its effects. The advantages and disadvantages of performance related pay are analyzed and it is discussed that disadvantages outweigh advantages of performance related pay. In the end, the topic is concluded.

Managing Business in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Business in Europe - Essay Example Though, there are lot of prominent automobile manufacturers in Europe, majority of the production of automobiles required for the European market is outsourced. The prominent automobile manufacturers in Europe are DaimlerChrysler, Volkswagen (VW), BMW, Ford Europe, General Motors (GM) Europe, Renault, PSA (Peugeot-Citro'n), Fiat and Porsche etc. "The EU is the largest automotive production region in the world and the industry comprises 6.5 % of the manufacturing sector in the Union. Direct employment by the automotive industry stands at about 2.2 million employees, while the total employment effect (direct and indirect) is estimated to be about 12 million" (THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR, 2009). This report analyses; Influence of EU's policies on Automotive Industry; Influence of Single European Market or EMU on Automotive Industry; Opportunities and threats for Automotive Industry associated with the enlargement of the European Union; Automotive Industry strategies for Europe etc. The increasingly international setting of business makes it harder and harder to establish the boundaries of a national economy or even to separate the European economy from its global context (Wallace &Young, 1997, p.3) Globalization and liberalization policies have revolutionized the who world and the business strategies were redefined in order to meet the demands of a global world by many of the organizations. Separate co-operative sectors are working in most of the parts of the world in order to exploit the possibilities opened by globalization. EU is one of such co-operation aimed at the integration of the whole European region for the collective growth. The current focus of the EU institutions is on making the EU one of the most competitive markets in the world by 2010 and ensuring stable economic growth. Efforts to this end include investment in human capital, improvements in physical infrastructure and enhancement of available network in the transportation, telecommunications and energy sectors. To counter sluggish economic conditions compounded by uncertainties due to geopolitical tensions and international terrorism, the European Commission has endorsed economic growth initiatives including European Action for Growth (Country Industry Forecast - European Union Automotive Industry, 2004) EU has implemented lot of strategies in order to encourage the automotive industries in the European region and to make the region, the world's highest automobile manufacturing region. At present the Asia-Pacific region holds this position and the EU has taken every possible measure to capture the first position. Environmental legislation and recycling legislation are some of the strategies adopted by EU in order to raise the standards of automobile manufacturing in this area. "The EU emissions standards are compulsory in all EU Member States. The

1. From the early 1970s criminology was subject to a process of Essay

1. From the early 1970s criminology was subject to a process of radicalisation which brought both positive and negative consequences for the discipline. Discuss - Essay Example By so doing, crime has been looked at from the standpoint of demographics and patterns of any criminal activity, the socio-economic and cultural as well as the psychological perspectives of such criminal mannerisms in the context of the wider society. From the outset, perhaps it is imperative to note that the process of crime development and conceptualisation was given the much needed impetus by the conflict theory. According to Scraton (2007, p. 72), it is this ideological orientation that gave birth to the development of the other concepts during the early 1970s. A closer analysis of the conflict theory of crime reveals that it was founded on the premise that the primary or root causes of crime are both the economic and social forces that operate within any given society. In this regard, the various systems of justice and their respective laws tend to operate on behalf of powerful elites and rich persons within the society. Hence, policies that are put in place, more often than not, end up controlling the poor. Consequentially, this culminates into the imposition of standards by the criminal justice system that are construed to the establishment of benchmarks of good behaviour and morality put forward by the powerful in the society. The period from early 1970s witnessed the development of the new criminology which later came to be known as the radical criminology. Inciardi (1980, p. 58), argues that the development of radical or critical criminology stems from conflict theory of crime and is indeed its branch. On a positive rejoinder, Scrato n (2007, p. 169), holds the view that it draws its ideas from the Marxist perspective of criminology. In a nutshell, radical criminology was based on the concepts such as power, class in addition to ideology that was advanced by the Marxists during their analyses of the famous capitalist society. Perhaps it is important to note that this concept of criminology was developed initially in

What is Fibromyalgia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is Fibromyalgia - Essay Example Some of the main symptoms relied upon by the doctors during the diagnosis are fatigue, pain and sleep disturbance (Bellato et al. 2012). The above mentioned symptoms are also call primary symptoms. A study by Medifocus.com, Inc. Staff, (2012) acknowledges that, these symptoms in almost 80% to 100% of the patients. On the other hand, there are other symptoms leveled as associated symptoms of fibromyalgia. They include; headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, mood disorders, irritable bladder symptoms and hypersensitivity to cold temperatures. The disorder can be classified into primary and secondary Fibromyalgia. Cause of the latter can be evaluated but the former, primary fibromyalgia is quite hard to ascertain. According to Medifocus.com, Inc. Staff, (2012), primary Fibromyalgia is also referred to as idiopathic Fibromyalgia, this kind of disorder is hard to identify its main causes. However, secondary fibromyalgia is easy to identify its main causes because it arises after a long time of living with disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. Research also reveals that trauma or brain injury can cause fibromyalgia due to the disturbance to the central nervous system. The main aim of treatment of the disorder is to reduce pain, develop physical functions and to stop sleep disturbances. Common symptoms such as depression, pain and others show that the cause of the disorder is quite complex. The disorder can be inherited or caused by environmental issues. This calls for both medication and non-pharmacological treatment (Bellato et al. 2012). Some of the drugs used for treatment of fibromyalgia include; analgesics, muscles relaxants, antidepressants and anticonvulsants. Some of these drugs are meant to reduce stress and reduce sleeplessness. For example, Tricycle antidepressants are prescribed to patients with sleep disturbance (Medifocus.com, Inc. Staff, 2012). Bellato,

An investigation into the use of science by one environmental advocacy Assignment

An investigation into the use of science by one environmental advocacy body in relation to environmental issues - Assignment Example The memorandum also concerns about how to guide the human beings for understanding the responsibility to prevent the world from the dangerous interferences of the environment change. Though every government of the industrialised nations had agreed to take adequate measures by setting specific targets as well as timetables for the reduction of carbon-dioxide emission along with other greenhouse gases but such initiatives have not resulted in any concrete outcomes as the entire world is witnessing an escalation of varied critical environmental concerns day-by-day (Hohnen, n.d.). Therefore, with regard to this booming issue, Greenpeace, a non-profit organisation has devoted its activities in order to improve as well as preserve the ecology of the planet as well as environment (Greenpeace, 2013). The objective of the report is to measure the contribution to debate on climate change by Greenpeace and to critically assess the connection between its values and interests, its advocacy positi ons and its use of science. Contribution of Greenpeace to Debate on Climate Change Greenpeace is a globally recognised non-profit organisation that executes passive actions to reduce the prevalent threats to environment. Greenpeace aims to shield as well as conserve the environment through promoting peace by revealing, investigating as well as confronting ecological abuses. The organisation has driven its initiatives by holding a lot of conferences challenging the political as well as trade along with industry powers that are being involved in performing certain detrimental activities for the environment. Greenpeace is the voice of millions of followers worldwide who are environmentally as well as socially responsible for the current as well as future generation. In addition, for inspiring the whole world regarding the concern about environmental cleanliness, the organisation has highlighted various issues through media releases, meetings, by organising petitions as well as through its websites among others. In 1992, after the contractual signature of the FCCC, the head of Greenpeace science team named Dr. Leggett wrote a book on the causes as well as consequences of the climate change. Along with it, Dr. Leggett also conducted meetings with numerous industrialists for sharing the assessment of climate science as well as its implications. In this context, Greenpeace acquires massive affirmative responses from insurance industry for starting the scientific reinforcement through evaluating the risk to the future world. In terms of involvement, the organisation continuously raises its voice against Canada for protecting the Arctic from oil spills. The oil companies always endeavour to demonstrate political power and impulsively pollute water as well as air that are threatening people’s conventional way of existence. Besides, Greenpeace also makes constructive approaches in order to reduce the scientific chemical hazards that fatally harm the ecology of the world. Standing on this solemn situation of the globe, the organisation has promoted a lot of pertinent policies for eliminating the bane of such critical

Education Dialog Essay Example for Free

Education Dialog Essay What does it mean to be an educated person? There is no simple, out-right, correct answer to this question. Everyone will have a slightly, if not very, different answer. â€Å"†¦ ‘What does it mean to be a liberally educated person?’—is misleading, deeply so, because it suggests that one can somehow take a group of courses, or accumulate a certain number of credits, or undergo an obligatory set of learning experiences, and emerge liberally educated at the end of the process. Nothing could be further from the truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (William Cronon 5) To me an education is about grasping not specific facts, but concepts as a whole, to gain knowledge of things that can be applied to not just the status quo but things in the future as well. To be properly educated one must keep an open mind, be able to take all the sides of an argument into account and be able to see where they are coming from. To be educated,, is to be free of ignorance, to not let our own emotions and experiences corrupt our view, to be able to think for yourself and think critically at that, but also to comprehend what is being said to you, or what you are reading and understand that your learning will never end. No matter the amount of knowledge you have on a certain topic there will always be more to learn, either on that topic or other topics and an educated person knows that, so they are always striving to learn more. Critical thinking is a huge part of being considered educated. You don’t just listen to hear someone talk, and you don’t read to just see letters form words on a page, you do these things so you can derive meaning from the words written in a book and the words coming from a person’s mouth. How does one measure intelligence? How would you know where you stand compared to others? This is where things get a little tricky. From my own experience in the public education system we were given facts, dates, places and names to be memorized for tests. How much you could memorize directly translated to what grade you would get on a test. Students would cram right before an exam, and their minds would only retain that knowledge for a couple days at most. In my English class my teacher spent the whole year preparing us for one test at the end of the year, one test. We were actually given the test three times before the â€Å"final exam†. You were given the correct answers and all you had to do was memorize it, if you could memorize the answers you would get an A grade. I don’t get how standardized tests are used to measure intelligence since there isn’t a standardized person. I believe standardized tests should be made with essay topics to give students a chan ce to explain their thinking, their â€Å"why’s† I can understand why certain subjects become important when trying to shape a well rounded educated person, such as: math, history, writing and composition. History would be about the only subject in which there could be too much focus on dates and facts, to where they begin to dismiss the â€Å"Why did they do that?† because they’re focusing on the fact that they did do it. We are taught history so we can do our best to prevent repeating it, the facts won’t really help all too much in that, but the critical thinking will. We need to be aware of what’s going on around us, notice when things are beginning to stir. We all must be educated to advance in our world, to learn from our mistakes, to make new mistakes and set forth a course to the ideal of a perfect world or to achieve a perfect education.

Legal and Ethical Principles in Physician Assisted Suicide

Legal and Ethical Principles in Physician Assisted Suicide Methodology: Literature review. Introduction What follows is essentially a consideration of the current law on physician assisted suicide (PAS), with an appraisal of the arguments advanced supporting the practices and those condemning them. The compelling reasons for allowing a choice of death to those who seek it are appraised early on, as are the objections commonly found across many jurisdictions. Notably, scrutiny is given to the Oregon experience of the past decade, where it will be seen that many of the worries relating to abuse of the vulnerable have apparently not materialised. The Human Rights arguments submitted in the Pretty cases are analysed, as are the implications consequential with the sporadic smokescreen of double effect. The incompetent and the juvenile patient are regrettably not covered for reasons of not spreading the discussion too thin. Later, discussion is given to the question of where should the law go? If a balance can be found between the necessary respect for life and the proper regard of an individual’s wishes for their own body, perhaps some of the emotion surrounding end of life decisions can be removed in favour of logic and compassion. First, it is prudent to review the facts of the leading case, which is Pretty. The facts of Pretty have been well documented through the extensive media coverage which the cases received. Mrs Pretty suffered from motor neurone disease, which is a degenerative illness causing progressive muscle weakness, leading inevitably to death. Mrs Pretty became paralysed from the neck down and her speech was substantially affected. Her intellect was, however, unimpaired and she communicated her wish to commit suicide so as to avoid the distress of the final stages of the disease. Lord Hope of Craighead said of this that it: â€Å"†¦might be thought to indicate a lack of judgement on her part. But I believe that the decision which she has taken in such extreme circumstances ought not to be criticised†¦ I would accept her assurance that she has reached the decision to end her life of her own free will and that she has not been subject to outside pressure of any kind†[1]. As Mrs Pretty’s condition was such that she could not commit suicide unaided, she wanted her husband to help her. He was willing to give it but sought an assurance from the DPP that he would not be prosecuted under s.2(1) of the Suicide Act 1961 for aiding and abetting her suicide. The pressure group Liberty asked the DPP for such this assurance which he declined to grant and thus Mrs Pretty applied for judicial review of that refusal. The Queens Bench Divisional Court upheld the Directors decision on grounds that the Director did not hold the power to grant what was sought. The House of Lords affirmed that analysis; Lord Hobhouse of Woodborough commenting that: â€Å"the undertaking which the appellant requested was not one which the Director as the holder of a statutory office had the authority or power to give and it would have been improper for him to give the undertaking whatever the merits of the appellants solicitors’ arguments†[2]. This conclusion was reached on the basis of the legal framework which applies to the DPP and not on the basis of the Suicide Act. Suicide was once a felony in England, â€Å"that offended against both God and the King’s interest in the life of his citizens†[3]. In modern times society has recognised that the suicidal person should not be condemned as a criminal, but to be regarded with compassion. While the natural instinct is usually to keep living, where a suicidal motive is born of a desire to be freed from incurable or intolerable illness and pain it is not difficult to understand what has brought a person to arrive at that decision. It has been observed that : ‘In the 19th and 20th centuries two very important changes occurred in our society: the development of the liberal attitude, where the individual wants the right to self determination in his life; and the development of medical science, which has made it possible to prolong life considerably. [However], for some patients a consequence of this is that suffering is prolonged and medical science has brought them far beyond the point where they normally would have died’[4]. McCall-Smith has described how personal autonomy is a concept that has been eagerly grasped, and understood to mean that ‘the individual was entitled to make all the relevant choices himself and to reject, if necessary, the vision of others for his personal life’[5]. Clearly, in the present context of individuals wishing assistance to their suicide this features strongly, and there is to be found running through it a general theme asserting the right of the claimant to determine their own fate. Suicide has not been a crime in England for almost fifty years[6], but the Act that brought this about also placed on a statutory footing the offence of aiding and abetting a suicide. Mrs Pretty did not disclose the proposed method by which her husband was to help her die, but instead died of natural causes in 2002. Likely it shall never be known if she was really to be an active participant in the event, or if she wished her husband to perform a mercy killing, for which there is no separate offence and, as euthanasia, would have constituted her murder; her consent being irrelevant to the offence. Irrespective of the merits of the judgment in Pretty, it is notable that the Lord’s foray into the sphere of mercy killing and assisted suicide was a purely academic exercise. Lord Hobhouse pointed out that the DPP did not have the capacity to grant the request that Mrs Pretty sought. Further to this, Brown has explained that: ‘if what a litigant seeks cannot competently be done in terms of primary legislation, it does not matter how compelling an argument is presented in support of the proposition that it should be done. The litigant cannot succeed and consideration beyond that basic question of competence is necessary only in order to avoid a further hearing in the event of the decision on competence being overturned on appeal’[7]. Despite the unorthodox, and it must be noted – hopeless, request that was made in Pretty, the case has immediate relevance to the euthanasia and assisted suicide debate as a whole. Had Mrs Pretty been successful, it is entirely foreseeable that others in a similar situation to her would begin to request that their doctor be permitted to either despatch them personally, or at least assist in the doing so. Pro-choice groups and leading academic writers maintain that, to be ethical, any activity constituting PAS and especially euthanasia must be at the voluntary instigation of the patient[8], and limited as to whom it is available to. The request: ‘must come from one who is either subject to intolerable pain or disability or who is suffering from an illness which is diagnosed as terminal†¦[9] Glover adds that: ‘if assisted suicide is possible, it is always to be preferred to voluntary euthanasia. If we know that a person himself knowingly took a lethal pill, there is by comparison with euthanasia little ambiguity about the nature of his decision’[10]. In saying that, Glover illustrated the vast ethical divide between allowing a person the autonomy to determine their own future by their own actions, and the dubious position of a secondary party taking that action for them. A United States Court of Appeal, although later overturned by the US Supreme Court, nevertheless had a valid point on dignity in its summing up of a 1996 case; â€Å"when patients are no longer able to pursue liberty or happiness and do not wish to pursue life, the states interest in forcing them to remain alive is less compelling†¦. A mentally competent, terminally ill adult, having lived nearly the full measure of his life, has a strong liberty interest in choosing a dignified and humane death rather than being reduced to a child like state of helplessness, diapered, sedated, incompetent†¦ How a person dies not only determines the nature of the final period of his existence, but in many cases, the enduring memories held by those who love him†[11]. Speaking of what is currently legal in every common law jurisdiction, that of the refusal of treatment, McCall-Smith observed how it is not difficult to conceive of a situation in which a person is suffering so much that notes that death would be a welcome release, and ‘may in those circumstances be morally acceptable’[12]. The problem for the pro choice advocate is that there is an ethical gap between what is presently illegal, that of assisting a person to a dignified end, and what can be done which is merely limited to the provision of pain relief or respecting a person’s wishes to refuse treatment, but for some the gap is ethically indefensible: ‘advocates of death with dignity are not fully satisfied with the options currently available to dying patients each option usually entails some period of lingering in a highly deliberated or helpless state and, therefore, offends the dignity these advocates are intent on preserving’[13]. Opponents to the introduction of PAS offer a number of frequently cited issues to support their cause, and primary among these is that assisting a person to die is the very opposite role to that which the physician ought to pursue, and that the Hippocratic Oath states I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, not will I make a suggestion to this effect. To this Weir quickly retorts essentially that a doctor’s duties to the patient are more than merely the job of healing, and where healing cannot be achieved then the relief of suffering is still an important duty, even if ‘for that small minority of patients [this means] help in bringing about death’[14]. A further objection runs along the lines that the doctor-patient relationship would lose the trust it currently enjoys if patients thought their doctor might suggest something more sinister than a curing or caring course of action. Perhaps on this count some factions could be accused of scare-mongering. The vehement opponents of any doctor involvement with death include a significant proportion of religious groups prone to stirring up emotive feelings with words such as ‘killing’, ‘executing’, ‘culling’. With suggestions of death squads visiting hospices to kill people who are no longer an asset to society, it is not hard to imagine they would have people believe a society that permitted euthanasia might eventually degenerate to that seen in the science fiction movie Logan’s Run[15], where people are routinely executed upon reaching a certain age. The only conclusion one can reach is that either people are confused and failing to recognis e the essential voluntary aspect of PAS; or that they are deliberately fuzzing the boundaries to present physician assisted suicide as if it were physician initiated murder. Ethics and Life The sanctity of life is a phrase wielded like a sword by opponents of PAS, as if to justify an impenetrable veto on the practice. This in contrast to respect for life, which is unquestionably something everybody ought to have, but is quite a separate principle and not one in conflict with responsible and regulated PAS. Sanctity of life is a religious value. To this: ‘the British Humanist Association suggested that sanctity of life was not a principle on which legal structures should be based, since it depended on a religious outlook which not everyone shared. They suggested that it is particularly hurtful to require someone who does not believe in God or afterlife to suffer intolerable pain or indignity in deference to a God or afterlife he does not accept’[16]. However, perhaps the most frequently cited reason against the legalisation of PAS[17] is the contention that it’s practice would have a disproportionate impact on the vulnerable[18]. Annas has claimed that such groups would encompass ‘the poor, the elderly, women and minorities’[19], a common theme across the writing on this subject. Lindsay identifies two prerequisites that he claims must apply before the disparate impact argument can carry any weight. ‘First, one must believe that it is proper to deny assisted suicide to those competent persons who truly voluntarily choose it, including persons who are members of vulnerable the groups in question, in order to protect others against being pressured into assisted suicide. Second, one must believe that it somehow makes a difference for the wisdom of legalising assisted suicide whether proportionally more blacks than whites, more women than men, more elderly than young and so on would likely be pressured into choosing assisted suicide’[20]. Lindsay suggests a solution to this quandary: ‘what if we imposed stringent quotas on assisted suicide so that no woman would be eligible for assisted suicide unless and until the proportion of men seeking assisted suicide from that particular hospital/hospice in that year was equivalent to the percentage of women seeking assisted suicide? Similar restrictions could be imposed for other so-called vulnerable groups: blacks, the elderly, the disabled, the poor. Quotas would eliminate any disparate impact and, therefore, appear to provide the solution to those concerned about equalization of risk’[21]. Of course, it would be farcical to seriously consider a quota system, but by poking fun at the argument in this way Lindsay exposes its underlying flaw; that it would be preposterous to permit a practice of PAS that would allow anyone to come under pressure into using it. Lindsey suggests that the disparate impact argument is either a smoke screen for the sanctity-of-life ‘family of arguments against assisted suicide’[22] and Glover is at best sceptical of the concept of abuse of the vulnerable, asking ‘is there any evidence of such pressure in a country where voluntary euthanasia is not illegal?’[23]. It is of great significance that in the US State of Oregon, alone in its introduction of a Death with Dignity Act, there has been no rush to take advantage of it. In its first year, 1998, 23 people requested it and of these 15 actually used it[24]. Under the Death with Dignity Act the patient seeking PAS must: Be terminally ill with less than six months to live[25] Not be labouring under depression or other mental illness[26] Make ‘an oral request and a written request, and reiterate the oral request to his or her attending physician no less than fifteen days after making the initial oral request’[27] Convince two physicians that s/he is sincere, acting voluntarily and not on a whim[28] The lead researcher in a study of PAS in Oregon found that educational level and social status bore no effect in determining who sought help in dying, but what did motivate those who chose this route was very different to that the opponents of assisted suicide would have us believe. The two most recurring reasons were concern about loss of autonomy and loss of control over bodily functions. These factors featured most strongly among those patients who had lead an independent life[29]. By the close of 2000, with three years worth of records, the results in Oregon were positive, and that the predicted abuse spectacularly failed to manifest itself was conspicuous. Robinson cites the statistics for 2000 as being that 27 individuals ended their life using PAS and the average use per head of population in that time ‘remained at six to nine per 10,000 deaths†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢[30]. Significantly, a provision in the Oregon legislation[31] criminalising the alteration or forging of a request for PAS, or interfering with a patient’s rescindment of it, appears to have never yet been invoked. Abuse To request that a doctors assist one to die is not normally a decision a person would take lightly, and that there are doctors who would take advantage of any provisions that might be introduced cannot be denied. While Dr Shipman was certainly exceptional in his lust for killing, he is not alone in being suspected to abuse his position and resources. Oregon has been successful, but no system for regulating PAS can be thought of as foolproof, and for some, any risk of abuse at all is adequate reason to reject the entire proposal[32]. However, this is not an attitude that is mirrored in other areas of law. There are an immeasurable number of activities sanctioned by the law that pose very great risks to the participants, a risk that is taken for far less compelling reasons than can be advanced in support of PAS; boxing and smoking being the archetypical paragons. Furthermore, a member of the Sikh religion, whilst wearing a turban, is exempt from being required to wear a crash helmet whilst riding a motorcycle[33], clearly an instance of a huge risk to the individual’s life being outweighed by the need to respect that individual’s beliefs. Arguably, it cannot only be that a second person is involved with assisting a suicide that makes it so offensive to the criminal law. A man’s peer could supply him with all the cigarettes he ever smokes without any worry of legal liability when that man dies of the resultant cancer. Suicide and smoking are both legal activities and the significant variable between the two is time. Assisted suicide usually brings about the death very quickly, whereas it will normally take many years for the smoker to perish. The irony is that PAS would not be desired by anyone facing the choice if it were not a swift exit from the unbearable existence they toil under. Widely acknowledged to be unavoidable, ‘the principle of double effect is a doctrine that distinguishes between the consequences a person intends and those that are unintended but foreseen’[34]. Williams continues that ‘in a medical context it is usually relied on when a doctor foresees that [due to the doctors action] a patient may die, although that is not his intention’[35]. The opinion of the law is stated by Ognall J in Cox, in that: â€Å"if a doctor believes that a certain course is beneficial to his patient, either therapeutically or analgesically, then even though he recognises that that course carries with it a risk to life, he is fully entitled, nonetheless, to pursue it. If in those circumstances the patient dies, nobody could possible suggest that in that situation the doctor was guilty of murder or attempted murder†¦ [but] what can never be lawful is the use of drugs with the primary purpose of hastening the moment of death†[36]. His Honour further added that â€Å"a doctors duty is to alleviate suffering for so long as the patient survives but†¦ he must never kill in order to achieve relief from suffering†[37]. It is immediately apparent that the principle of double effect allows a situation to arise whereby the doctor may directly cause death and yet not suffer any legal liability as a result. Questions of intention naturally follow, and despite the recent clarification that where an event is ‘virtual certain’[38] to occur then the jury are entitled to find that the actor intended it to do so, Ashworth implies that the jury are equally entitled not to find intention[39]. That the jury may have laboured not to find intention, one can speculate in cases such as Adams and Carr[40]. Alternatively, there also exists a unique condition that ‘doctors are not normally presumed to intend all the foreseen consequences of their actions’[41]. Williams notes that ‘there is no evidence that this presumption is applied other than in the medical context†¦ using the principle of double effect is seen to provide a justification for doctors behaviour’[42]. Williams also observes that ‘providing medication to control pain has always been a legitimate and lawful way of fulfilling [the doctors] duty – even if there is a chance of death. [but] it has been accused of being a smoke-screen and a fig-leaf for euthanasia’[43]. Such is the strength of the double effect doctrine that Wells has suggested that had Dr Cox used pain killing medication (instead of potassium chloride, for which there is no known therapeutic property in the dose administered by Dr. Cox) then he ‘would have been found not guilty if the results were the sam e, and regardless of his intent’[44]. It will be recalled that Mrs Pretty was not asking for a doctor to be involved with her death, she was asking for her husband to be granted immunity from prosecution should he assist her to die. This is no small request, and it was accepted by her counsel that, apart from the ECHR rights, she could not succeed. Mrs pretty claimed that the DPP’s decision breached the Human Rights Act 1998 and her argument rested on the provisions of the Convention at Art.3, the right not to suffer degrading and inhuman treatment, Art.2, the right to life and Art.8, the right to physical integrity and privacy. The position of the law in this country had already been tested for its impact on human rights long before Mrs Pretty would even have become ill with motor neurone disease. In 1983 the Commission considered[45] whether s.2 of the Suicide Act 1961 violated either the right to privacy at Art.8 or freedom of expression in Art.10 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The outcome of that case was that â€Å"aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring suicide were excluded from the concept of privacy by virtue of their trespass on the public interest of protecting life†[46]. While Mrs Pretty argued that Article 2 of the ECHR, when read with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol 6 guaranteed her a right to choose whether or not to live, Kennedy and Grubb suggest exactly the opposite. For Kennedy and Grubb, it ‘could be argued that to permit assisting suicide (or euthanasia) infringes Article 2 regardless of the patients consent’[47]. In taking this latter stance both the Strasbourg Court and the House of Lords emphasised that the purpose of Article 2 is to protect life. Lord Steyn went further by saying that the Article â€Å"†¦provides a guarantee that no individual ‘shall be deprived of life’ by means of intentional human intervention†[48]. His Lordship did not stop there, but obliterated any doubt that may have remained by stating that â€Å"nothing in the Article or in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights can assist Mrs Pretty’s case on this Article†[49]. The Strasbourg Court made it abundantly clear that the exceptions detailed in Art.2 are exhaustive by saying: ‘its sets out the limited circumstances when deprivation of life may be justified†¦ and the first sentence of Art.2 enjoins the State not only to refrain from the intentional and unlawful taking of life but also to take appropriate steps to safeguard the lives of those within its jurisdiction†¦ This obligation extends beyond a primary duty to secure the right to life by putting in place effective criminal law provisions to deter the commission of offences against the person backed up by law enforcement machinery for the prevention, suppression and sanctioning of breaches of such provisions’[50]. The conclusion is that Art.2, said the Court, ‘cannot, without distortion of language, be interpreted as conferring the diametrically opposite right, namely a right to die’[51]. The claim by Mrs Pretty that the suffering she faced qualified as degrading treatment under Art.3 and that the Government had a positive obligation to take steps to protect her from that suffering was rejected because as has been noted, ‘the suffering of an incurable patient cannot be considered as an inhuman or degrading treatment attributable to the State’[52]. So despite an inspired attempt, this head of claim was regarded as irrelevant by the entire judiciary involved who considered that Art.3 was not engaged at all. Art.8 was the only grounds that the Strasbourg Court was prepared to accept that preventing the applicant from exercising choice to avoid indignity and distress constituted an interference with the right to respect for private life guaranteed under Article 8.1, but it found against Mrs Pretty on Article 8.2 issues. The European Court[53] adopted the position of Lord Hope on Art.8, insomuch as â€Å"the way she passes the closing moments of her life is part of the act of living and she has a right to ask that this too must be respected†[54]. Even with this concession, his Lordship held that this did not imply a positive obligation to allow assisted suicide. Art.9 was also dismissed by both courts because Mrs Pretty’s belief in the notion of assisted suicide ‘did not involve a form of manifestation of a religion or belief through worship, teaching, practice or observance’; thus there was no breach. This opinion echoes the stance of the House of Lords Select Committee of almost a decade previously when they said ‘we gave much thought to Professor Dworkin’s opinion that, for those without religious belief, the individual is best able to decide what manner of death is fitting to the life which has been lived. Ultimately, however, we do not believe that these arguments are sufficient reason to weaken society’s prohibition of intended killing’[55]. Art.14, prohibiting discrimination, was Mrs Pretty’s final line of attack but this too failed – because although suicide is no longer a crime, there is no right to commit it, as Lord Hope was at pains to distinguish[56], and as was an influential factor in the recent failure of Lord Joffee’s Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill. Irrespective of why this is maintained a complete prohibition on PAS, the current law is still an affront to many people, including many doctors. As is demonstrated at regular intervals in the courts, in practice by providing the necessary care required to terminal patients, doctors are routinely crossing into the territory of the criminal law and thereby forced to rely on the legal fiction of double effect[57]. It surely cannot be that the surreptitious circumvention of the criminal law by doctors, or the repeated occurrence of jury-equity is an acceptable long term situation; but neither is the incessant suffering of a patient who simply wishes it to be over, yet is unable to make their own way out without help. Public support for a change in the law is difficult to ascertain and opinion polls should surely not be trusted, for time and again they prove unreliable. In the UK, Mason et al comment that ‘the public can appear confused’[58]. Perhaps the (unfounded?) fear of abuse is what has driven the overwhelming majority of Americans to reject PAS, Oregon excepted. It is unfortunate, and doubtless fatal to any present attempts to implement PAS in the UK, that the Dutch have experienced poor compliance with their own regulations. Mason et al point to the widespread disregard for the legal requirements regarding euthanasia in the Netherlands[59]. They actually suggest that ‘It appears that euthanasia has been practised in many cases without the consent of the patient’[60]. If euthanasia is taking place without strict adherence to the formal regulations then ‘its exercise will inevitably become more trivial until what matters is not the grounds for wanting to die, but the want itself’[61], and suddenly we are into the territory of helping the depressed to die[62]. As noted above, what might have been considered an inconceivable next step is already being taken, where the doctor himself makes the decision and from this point there remains only one further sinister step before we find ourselves, figuratively, knocking on the door of Dr Shipman. There can be no doubt that Pretty does leave any uncertainty. Seven judges of the European Court of Human Rights, five Lords of Appeal and three judges in the Divisional Court all held without hint of dissent that the Convention does not require States to render lawful euthanasia or assisted suicide. It would be quite improper to suggest that Pretty was wrong. The European Court was not there to remedy what Liberty perceived to be a defect in the law but had a responsibility to determine the law as it is. Lord Joffee’s Bill failed, but he is presently trying again in a revised form. McCall-Smith regards this as properly a matter for ‘legislators rather than judges’[63]. However, in the absence of any parliamentary reform then the law will remain as it is, and ‘the doctor faced with a patient in extremis and asking to die will have to resort to the ‘double speak’ of purporting to relieve pain while bringing about death, making sure that the agent bringing about the death is one recognised by other doctors as a pain-reliever’[64].

The Indigenous Populations In Trinidad History Essay

The Indigenous Populations In Trinidad History Essay The Spanish colonization of Trinidad began through Christopher Columbus. Columbus was born to a weaver in the year 1451; he began sailing in the early 1470s. During the days of Columbus, gold was very limited and it was believed that the wealth of a nation would be determined by the amount of gold its economy owned. He made his third voyage in the year 1498, with the sponsorship and the approval from Spanish monarchy in return for the title of lands and a great percentage of profits from his voyage. His voyage was an attempt to provide evidence to support his theory that the world was round, and he would be able to reach the Indies (located in the east) easier and faster by sailing in a westward direction. He wanted to sail to the Indies to acquire the immense riches he heard of in India, and return the wealth to the Spanish monarchy. The Spanish believed that it would be profitable to trade with India because they had precious gold and immense riches because of their resources. Howe ver in his attempt to reach the Indies it was at this point he rediscovered Trinidad, unfortunately he believed that he had reach India for the Spanish had no prior knowledge of the Americas. On July 31st the island of Trinidad was then claimed to the crown in this year and it stayed in the rulings of the Spanish until the year 1797. Upon Columbus arrival in Trinidad he was amazed that this theory was indeed right and that he had reached India. He immediately examined the native people with the biases eyes of his European nature. He recognized the indigenous people to be good factors of production (labour). Columbus also acknowledged that the Caribs were violent people but they seemed healthy and intelligent and would make good slaves to the queen. However the native saw the Spaniard as Gods because of their white skin complexion, so they immediately welcomed them. The native worshiped, served and granted the desires of the Spanish. They believed in doing so, the Gods as they called the Spanish would be pleased of them, and they would be richly blessed. Columbus entered Trinidad for reasons such as mercantilism, colonialism, and to expand their religion of Christianity upon the native people claiming titles and profits for the Spanish monarchy. The population of Trinidad was mainly comprised of two sets of indigenous tribes known as the Amerindians, recorded from written history; they were called the Tainos and the Kalinagos. They were known as the Arawaks and Caribs respectively, these names given by the Europeans. The Arawaks began to settle in Trinidad around 250BC. They arrived from the Orinoco region and were much more advance than the earlier settlers. The Arawaks were great hunters and farmers for the purpose of sustaining their food needs. Their religion had a selective mixture representing nature worship, ancestor worship and protective magic. They adorned themselves with mixtures of colored dye smeared in pattern on their bodies also with hanging ornaments. They created their own crafts and weapons using simple elements of nature. They developed small temporary village societies; their houses were round with steep thatched roofs. The Arawaks portrayed honesty, sympathy, generosity and put others before themselves. They were considered to be a little more civilized and humane than the Caribs. The Caribs arrived in Trinidad after the Arawaks around AD 1000. They also journeyed through the Orinoco region. Eventually they had great control of the entire Lesser Antilles. The Caribs aggressive by nature, the Europeans falsely address them as human flesh eaters. Their lifestyles were stemmed from the former settlers of Trinidad, the Arawaks. They adopted traits form the Arawaks, which made them very similar to the Arawaks. They were described from the Europeans to be taller, stronger and more beautiful than the Arawaks. The Caribs diet was similar to the Arawaks but they had more protein in their diet. They relied less on cassava and maize because they were excellent fishers. Their religions were similar to the Arawaks, as well as, the way they adorn themselves with dye smeared on their body. The Carib houses being woven thatch, they looked like beehives. Their social organizations were different from the Arawaks the males were separated from the females and were thought warrio r training. The Arawaks had no segregation. These traits uniquely represented the ethnicities cultures and lifestyles of the indigenous people of Trinidad. The Amerindians were simple, peaceful and free-willed humans. During Columbus conquest of Trinidad, the physiological destruction of the native came, by forcing the natives to accept the Roman Catholicism as the only acceptable religion and enforcing the role of slaves because the Amerindians were seen as subhuman. The physical destruction of the natives was also accomplished by the Spanish through exploitation of the native tribes for labour. They brought new diseases to the island which the indigenous people were vulnerable to, even hunting the native as a means of entertainment was done by the Spanish who adopted the hidalgo class attitude. The worth and essence of native races were destroyed through miscegenation. The Spaniards fought and killed the men of the tribes for their females because they came without wives. These cruel and malevolent changes which the Spanish imposed on the natives led to the decimation of the indigenous populations in Trinidad. The religion of the Spanish, Roman Catholicism remains the largest Christian denomination and the single largest grouping in the nation. Following the success of Columbus voyage the Spanish monarchy secured the religious title of Trinidad and by extension the entire western hemisphere. The Spaniards were convinced that if they could change the religious view of an individual to their religion Christianity, they would have great power or great control on the individual. They also believed that service to God was the sole legitimate purpose of all human beings and once their religion was delivered to the world, the Spanishs empire would be very pleased and powerful. The Spanish leaders regarded the right of the native mainly because they werent of Christianity and brutally enforced the religion of Roman Catholicism on the native. They made the religion mandatory, forbidding the natives to practice their own religious rituals and anything of Amerindian nature. The Spanish destroyed thei r zemis and places of worship which the native build to practice their rituals. Objection to the Spanish religion would result in extreme punishment or possible death. The force of Christianity impacted negatively on the natives for a huge amount of the population was killed in a short time also their unique cultures were slowly vanished. Despite the queens attempt to treat the natives fairly according to her Christian faith, she understood that force labour was necessary for the development of the country. The Repartimiento system was soon introduced by Columbus and was further developed to the Encomiendas systems. These systems were accepted and passed by the house of Castile. The system would distribute the natives in groups and submit them to wealthy Spaniards for the purpose of labour. The masters were to ensure the protection, civilization, payment and conversation of the natives passed by the Burgos law in return for their labour. However the masters completely ignored the crown. The native were made official slaves through the system of the Encomiendas. The Encomonderos (the masters) saw the system as a venue to produce force labour without paying any wages therefore gaining in a lot of profits for themselves. The native were unfamiliar with the harsh working conditions of the Encomiendas system, compared to t heir former lifestyle. The natives believed that the Gods were displeased, and they were being punished for their wrong doings. They began to commit suicide, infanticide and ran away instead of submitting their self and their infants to the Encomonderos. Through the extreme conditions of the masters daily labour, working the farms in the hot sun for long hours. This brought a number of deaths. Working the gold mines with extreme beatings and heavy loads also brought loss. As a result the native had little time and strength to attend to their own gardens (Conucos) which provided them with food to sustain the life of their families and themselves. The Spaniards also allowed their animals to trample and eat the produce of the native leading them to starvation. The Encomiendas system was the result of legal deaths of a vast amount of the indigenous people through starvation and physical strain of labour. Another major reason which caused the genocide of the native was the Smallpox and measles. These two diseases are the most famous diseases, brought to the indigenous people by the Spanish deliberate intension to kill the natives. They offered the natives blankets infected with smallpox. These diseases had a major influence on the decrease in population. Several tribes and villages had been completely killed out to extinct because they were unknowledgeable and unequipped to immune themselves of these new, strange diseases. Additionally, hunting and killing the native as a means of sport or entertainment to the Spanish significantly supported the genocide of the natives. They used steel swords, tipped pikes and cross-bows, they also used armor-covered horses and dogs because they had knowledge the native were very fearful of those large animal. They allowed the bloodhounds to tear there victims to pieces and the horses to trample over the natives. The Spaniards competed on their horses to cut off a native head with just one stroke and run their swords through the body and out the other side of the natives. They drown the native babies by dropping them of cliffs into rivers. The Nobbles and Chiefs of the Spaniards had the privilege to burn the native to death for this practice was reserved for their personal pleasure. The natives had simple weapons such as bows and arrows, stone clubs and wooden spears which were no match compared to the weapons of the Spanish. The Spaniards had great advantage over the natives. The native suffered severely at the hand of the Spanish. These cruel practices lead to several deaths of the indigenous population in Trinidad. Furthermore miscegenation was the factor which caused the value of races of the native to become abolished. On Columbus third voyage he was only able to gather mostly soldiers who fought in the battle to defeat the Moorish kingdom and criminal. These Spaniards were interested in adventure and had no concerns or regards for the natives. They came without their wives and began to seek interest in the female Amerindians. The Spanish began to take the females of the native tribes as their own. The Amerindian men were very displeased so they rebelled against the Spanish. The Spanish, being at the advantage with their weapons and animals quickly defeated the Amerindians attempt to protect their females. The Spanish exceeded once again in their horrible acts against the native and had their way. Soon after new form of races and cultures were introduced, a mixture of Spanish and Amerindian decent. Thus the rich values of the Amerindians races and cultures were slowly faded. Although the Spanish colonization mostly affected the natives negatively, they did also bring with them some positive contributions. The Spanish introduce technological development, with this new technology they learned to build advance ships and to use nautical instruments for navigation on their journeys. Crops such as banana, wheat, rice, coffee and olive where introduce to the natives through the Spanish. They cultivated many lands and harvest abundantly. Trinidad was recognized for their success in the development of its plantation economy and its mass production. The Spanish also imported their animals such as chickens, pigs, horses, cows and dogs. These animals were a factor of production for both labour support and produce. The animals also give Trinidad a variety in its animal species. The term colonization refers to the inhabitation, maintenance and expansion of colonies of an area from persons of a different area. In this context the Spanish certainly colonized Trinidad. Regrettably the Spanish colonization did undoubtedly cause the decimation of the indigenous population of Trinidad almost too extinct. This process started with the entry of Christopher Columbus and his crew members. The Spanish had obtained a greed to gain power and riches overall and lead the worlds economy. They also had a passion to convert the souls of others or heathens to the form of Christianity by any means possible. They believed it was their purpose for life on earth. They made their religion compulsory for the natives. They invaded the territories of the native and control them regardless of their persistent rejection. They made them slaves for their selfish need to obtain power and most of the natives were killed it the defensive wars to keep their freedom. They brought strange disea ses and hunted them for entertainment; they also caused miscegenation and therefore the native cultures and races slowly became nonexistent. Indeed the colonization is the cause of the extermination of the indigenous population of Trinidad.

Great Religions And Philosophies. : Greek Philosophy. Essays -- essays

Great Religions and Philosophies. : Greek Philosophy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the 6th century B.C, there began a dualism in Greek Philosophy. The development of Greek Philosophy became a compromise between Greek monistic and oriental influences, in other words, a combination of intellectualism and mysticism. Thus began the pre-Socratic philosophy. The interests of pre- Socratic philosophers were centered on the world that surrounds man, the Cosmos. This was during the time of great internal and external disturbances in the Greek society, as it was right after the Peloponnesian war. The pre-Socratic era of Greek Philosophy came to an end when the Sophists turned their attention to man himself, delving into the moral and mental nature of man and dealing with the practical problems of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ancient Greeks mirrored their nature, beliefs, morals and customs in Greek Philosophy. Through understanding Greek Philosophy, we can see how the ancient Greeks regard the world around them. Greek Philosophy filled the void in the spiritual and moral life of the ancient Greeks, where in the same place other cultures had their belief in a religion. Wisdom, in the Greek sense, included not only a theoretical explanation of the world around them, but also provided a practical guide to life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From Homer to Hesiod, we see the reflections of the ancient Greeks and their use of Gods to fulfill their spiritual, social and psyc...

Essay example --

Topic: I am studying about heritage languages and bilingualism because I want to find out how one’s language shapes his or her identity in an increasingly globalized society in order to understand why there is still a fear among many immigrants and their descendants of teaching their children their heritage language. Based on the science and research done on bilingualism, learning a heritage or second language while growing up has minimal to no adverse affects on language development and social class. Rather, language presents an opportunity to elevate one’s culture, personality, and identity. For America, heritage and second language education is vital to sustaining its worldwide influence as the world becomes more globalized. Coca-Cola. â€Å"Coca-Cola – It’s Beautiful – Official :60.† YouTube. YouTube, 2 February 2014. Web. 2 February 2014. The main claim of this Coca-Cola commercial is that every American, regardless of ethnicity, religion, and sexuality, enjoys drinking Coca-Cola and so the audience should as well. The sub-claim here is that America is a nation consisting of diverse individuals with backgrounds stemming from around the world. The grounds for this sub-claim are the various scenes in which a variety of Americans are depicted enjoying the freedoms of America with â€Å"America the Beautiful† being sung in multiple languages in the background. This Coca-Cola commercial appeals to the pathos of the American audience with the incorporation of the iconic, patriotic song and the breadth of minorities represented in the video. The multilingual singing of the song had to be a deliberate choice since Coca-Cola could have very easily shown the same clips of the diverse Americans with the English version. This implies that Coca-Co... ... child’s life may simply lead to greater psychological difficulties because of the child’s overwhelming feeling of abandonment. I intend to juxtapose these two pieces in my paper. De Houwer’s article coincides the most with Landau’s in that both agree bilingualism does not create any significant child development issues and that the benefits outweigh the costs. The language used in this article is intended for a general audience, which can promote discussions and questions. As for the credibility of de Houwer, she is currently Professor of Language Acquisition and Language Teaching at the University of Erfurt in Germany, and she is heavily involved with multiple linguistics organizations. At the time of this article’s writing, she taught at the University of Antwerp and Science Foundation of Flanders, Belgium. Therefore, this is clearly a scholarly, credible source.

Coach cater

l came to coach basketball players, and you became students. I came to teach boys, and you became men†. This quote shows how successful Coach Ken Carter's managing techniques are, however Coach Carter uses many managing styles through out the film. A good manager uses multiple managing techniques these techniques are autocratic, persuasive, consultative, participative and laissez fairer. Coach Carter's managing methods vary between the different situations he comes across. As shown wrought out the film Coach Carter's managing styles and approaches are very successful.One of Coach Carter's managing styles was autocratic. Autocratic managing Is mainly based only the managers decision also known as centralized decision making. This managing style is mainly focused on tasks and does not accept much feedback and gives very tight timeliness. An example of an autocratic managing style is when coach carter says, â€Å"let's see how many suicides you can do in†¦ One hour and seven minutes†. This quote shows how he is trying to discipline his team and the tight implies an autocratic manager Like coach carter would give In a situation Like that.A second managing style that is used by coach carter is a persuasive technique. Persuasive managing is very similar to the autocratic managing techniques. It uses centralized decision making, only interested in results and outcomes, however a manager of this technique would accept very little feedback. Instead of tight timeliness he or she often sells you decisions. An example of a persuasive managing style Is when coach carter says. Most importantly we control the tempo of the game†. This quote shows that he is giving orders that persuade the team to perform better.The third managing style coach carter approached his team with was a consultative approach. The consultative managing style consists of the manager willing to accept most of his or hers staff opinions. Consultative managers are more employee orie ntated and the staff has more Input with tasks. Coach carter uses this method of managing when he realizes his team is getting better at playing basketball, an example of this managing style is when coach carter is not satisfied with their grades however he is willing to help them improve their grades.This quote shows that coach carter believes in his team and is willing to hell them as he can see they have potential. The fourth managing style that was used by coach carter most commonly was a participative style. This managing style consists of many factors which are that decisions are made together, responsibility is often delegated to his or hers staff. This managing style also accepts a lot of feedback and is more of a flexible managing Tyler. N example of this managing style is shown when team member Jason Lyle says, â€Å"You said we're a team. One person struggles, we all struggle. One person triumphs, we all triumph†. This quote shows that he allows his team to make de cisions and to The final managing technique that was used by coach carter was laissez fairer in English translation leave alone. This technique is very laid back and is commonly used by a manager who has a staff that is very talented, however with a talented staff you can give a lot of responsibility to your staff.High delegation must come with a talented and trusted team and this is shown when coach carter sees his team doing paperwork in the gym and Jason Lyle says, â€Å"they can cut the chains off the door, but they can't make us play,(Dampen carter) we have decided to finish what you've started, sir†. Another scene is when Dampen carter offers his father a contract to allow him to play for Richmond oilier. These quotes and this scene shows the teams dedication, talent and how they are capable enough to make decisions.

Oil Dependancy, Oil Shortfall Impact and Economic Development Planning

Question 1 Dependence on embrocate & A cover dearth alludeQuestion 2 frugal Development PlanningQuestion 1We come across a locoweed of docudramas on ab aside day-to-day footing, tho or so of them argon serious business deal to pull our attending towards the up siteing province of the Earth. virtually signifi give noticetly, all of these sorts of docudramas atomic number 18 in any event support by comprehensive research and surveies transferral the same massages bes blossoming that we worlds atomic number 18 in expectant problem and we atomic number 18 travel to compute a much(prenominal)(prenominal) different behavior than of all time to begin with. The docudrama, The Crude Awakening- ( The Oil Crash 2007 ) signifies unrivaled of the virtually alarming state of aff ancestryss that even powerful scotchal outlines are confronting today, i.e. , how dependance on anele is impactioning non merely the anele pecuniary set further besides the solid foo d proviso. This shew aims to foreground whats traveling to go on in go across, nutrient and vigor sectors of different metropoliss of the unite States when the economic form evisce pastures short of inexpensive oil colour.Oil is a au naturel necessity of the worldly concern and besides for the burning engines its comparable a life line. Harmonizing to cleverness information g all everywherenment 2009 estimations, about 84 to 85 one thousand million place of oil was pumped and con middleed all bit good, worldwide.With tantamount ingestion and perfor compositionce graze of oil, is it contingent that we keep pumping the fogey fuels without the depletion of imaginations?Obviously, you cant carry done the oil leases of the full universe with a individual well. Though there are limitless figure of oil well, some of them are still productive succession some are dried out, thus far all(prenominal) of them follow a peculiar fruit bell veer, dwelling of productiv ity maximization, stabilising and so consuming to goose egg with received figure of erstwhile(a) ages. This curve is called Hubbert Curve and presented by Shell geologist liftd pansy Hubbert, in 1965 ( Jimenez, 2009 ) .This curve is besides use to oil product all over the universe, zero(prenominal)mally, oil companies concentrate to a greater extent on large and easy to happen oil Fieldss ab initio and so come to deeper and smaller 1s when the big 1s start consuming. They besides consent the aid of newer engineerings in this respect. In a nut shell, harmonizing to a bell curve, the production is supposed to increase, make at tip and fall eventually.It is to be noted that pass called peak oil is arise before depletion. Take an illustration of decanter change with java, to understand the construct. Pour transfuse later cup without any attempt until you tick a watercourse of Java. Obviously, you would certainly occupy to badly lean the decanter to run out the dredges. Yo ur run short streamlined cup before the concluding autumn is the peak argue. Demand for oil pass on arrest lifting nevertheless oil militias of the planet allow for consume ( Avent, 2008 ) .What is the scenario after the peak heyday is raised? Indeed, an oil clang.Harmonizing to U.S. section of the midland geological study the anticipations sing the impacts of lash oil clang involve high foul up fiscal set, endangered globalisation, increase lawlessness and irreparable development of secured muffled points.The solution of the job might go for in diminishing our dependance on fossil fuels. Alternate resources of bio fuels and vital force attend of import in this scenario. Many critics founder labeled oil deficits as something policy-making benefit, in position of universe governmental relations. Everything is rather clear. issue is less than the consider as of all time, obliging us to research fudgenate energy resources and alter energy use patterns. Even if we are able to use the last astragalus of the oil through latest engineering, increase spread between supply and require and higher monetary set would name a demand for a alteration. genuine Tendencies of Oil ingestion in United StatesUnited States consumer really small transgress of petroleum oil as roughly of the oil is improve to be employ in rough-cut oil sell fabrication same Diesel fuel, pitchy fuel, botcholene etc. Natural gas processing generates liquid that is besides use the same manner. Renewable resources like biodiesel are used as an option for refined crude oil points. EIA besides takes into story biofuels in ingestion studies.Harmonizing to U.S. agency of economic summary of current concern 6.89 cardinal barrels of crude oil merchandises were consumed in United States in 2013, connoting 18.89 million barrels per twenty-four hours, in which biofuels account for 0.32 billion.The shortfalls in U.S PetroleumHarmonizing to U.S. agency of economic analysis o f current concern shortages in U.S. crude oil trade scram been tolerable to a big fraction of the derangement between U.S. imports and exports. Between 2000 and 2012, the additive sum of U.S. trade shortages in rough oil and refined crude oil merchandises amounted to $ 2.87 trillion, 40.5 per centum of the cumulative shortages in all goods and services over the period. And oil s function has change magnitude in importance over the cartridge in 2012, for illustration, the trade shortage in oil was equal to 55 per centum of the overall trade shortage in goods and services.Deficit of Oil in United States- The rival on TransportationOver the last 40 grey-headed ages, one of the well-nigh tough traverse policy inquiries has been the publication of the monetary value of oil and its associated impact on transit systems1. Since the 1950s the labor union American economic system and its transit system ca-ca become more and more helpless on oil both in footings of its produc tion of goods and services, and their distribution from production centres to market ingestion centres ( Gordon & A Robert, 1975 ) .The monetary values of nutrient, consumer goods ( e.g. , electronics, furniture, and apparels ) , and capital goods points like autos and houses are all likely to endure from go oning oil monetary value dazes. send away monetary value addition may ensue in a broad scope of impacts depending on merely how much of the addition can be passed on to consumers.In the planetary economic system and both the internal and external transit systems of the United States, significantly higher monetary values provide act upon factors like The planetary economic system commission and growing Marine and inland back breaker cost Modal portionDeficit of Oil in United States- The Impact on nutrient productionHarmonizing to federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco nutrient monetary values guard gone so high since last few old ages. In U.S. , the nutrient monetary valu es increased by 5 per centum in 2012, while in 2011, the rising prices rate enter was the highest in last 36 old ages. Though USDA estimated nutrient monetary values increase in between 2.5 to 3.5 per centum, yet rising prices is traveling to be even higher. The higher monetary values are dismaying as economic system is dead with 0 involvement rates.The major(ip) ground could be the short autumn of oil supply. Since gas and oil are besides exceedingly demanded in agricultural sector, a diminution in oil supply will finally raise monetary values of nutrient in approaching old ages. Harmonizing to Geologist Dale entirelyen Pfeiffer, population is lifting, hence, there is a demand to cut population growing rate by at least one 3rd in United provinces and ii 3rd in the full universe ( Trehan & A Bharat, 1997 ) .Deficit of Oil in United States- The Impact on energy productionThe macroeconomic deductions of a supply shock-induced energy crisis are big, because energy is the resource used to work all some early(a) resources. When energy markets fail, an energy deficit develops. electrical energy consumers may see deliberately engineered echo blackouts during periods of deficient supply or upset(prenominal) power outages, irrespective of the cause.Industrialized states such as United States are dependent on oil, and attempts to curtail the supply of oil would hold an inauspicious consequence on the economic systems of oil manufacturers ( Trehan & A Bharat, 1997 ) . Consumers will hold to bear increased monetary values of fuel and those who use electrical energy for cookery, H2O supply and warming, affects would besides be felt. The current scenarios hence indicated uninterrupted energy crisis and are besides a man-centered crises.MentionsJimenez, R. ( 2009 ) . The Industrial Impact of Oil set Shocks Evidence from the Industries of Six OECD Countries.Documentos de Trabajo,No. 0731. 2007 N. Velazquez. Impact of rise Energy Costss on Small Business. coit us of the United States. House of Representatives.Avent, R. ( 2008 ) . A being Less Flat.Guardian, UK. p. 35Energy Information Administration ( EIA ) Survey, p. 133-145, 2012.U.S. subdivision of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey, p. 205-239, 2008.U.S. Bureau of Economic summary of Current Business, April 2013.Gordon, B. , Robert, J. ( 1975 ) . Alternate Responses of Policy to international Supply Shocks.Brookings Documents on Economic Activity, ( No. 11975 ) , pp. 183206.Reserve Bank of San Francisco. ( 2012 ) . Oil Prices, transfer Rates and the U.S. Economy An Empirical Probe.Economic critical review autumn 2012, pp. 25-33Trehan T. , & A Bharat, V. ( 1997 ) . Oil Supply Shocks and The U.S. Economy.Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco,Weekly Letter. P.198-209.Documentary The Crude Awakening- ( The Oil Crash 2007 ) . ( 2007 ) . Retrieved from YouTube.comQuestion 3Baltimores view as Point ProjectThis projection is considered as one of the controversial projects due to pair off of grounds. One of the grounds is the environmental cause that are disturbed by the edifice stuff used in edifices and walls. The lot that is involved in the building and set uping the environment is Chromium. This component is extremely vulnerable for the living existences as it is one of the causes of malignant neoplastic disease disease. Most of the urbaneised applied scientists recommend utilizing Cr as a building stuff but it is besides a cause of diseases for the human existences. There could be precautional locomote adopted by the people to avoid the infection of these chemicals. Apart from the Cr consequence, the other contentions that revolve around the Baltimores amazen point undertaking are the hole of the state.It is believed that the geographical place of this undertaking is non nifty because there is an extreme are air force per unit area middleman the projects location that could possible weaken the building. The civil applied scientists have tak en the constructive steps for the synthetic rubber of the Baltimores seaport point undertaking. The pros and cons have to be considered so that in the time to come clip, all possible factors could be handled with majuscule attention and concentration.Tax development financing ( TIF ) is one of the fiscal footings used for cockle uping the taxation enhancements from the companies, organisations and on-going undertakings. There was an estimation of the compensable of revenue enhancements around one century and seven US dollars to the governing which itself is a immense sum. It is besides said that TIF are traveling to increase their rate of revenue enhancements so that maximal gross could be generated from such undertakings and events ( Dorsey & A James, 1981 ) .There are some of the points on which the Tax Increment backing and seaport point undertaking can non hold or can non be on the same page. On these points, they ever struggles and contradicts and this arise to many confederacies.When it comes to answerableness of the revenue enhancements being asked from the profitable undertakings like seaport point undertaking from the authorities side, they ever fail to turn out the exact sum been required. There has to be complete transparence of the fiscal statements and revenue enhancements being received from such undertakings. The crystallizing clear fiscal statement and hard currency books have to be recorded sing the revenue enhancements being amass by the Tax Increment Financing section. It is truly compulsory for such establishments to do the record of revenue enhancement hookup for the view as Point Project as they are invariably turning and expects a great feedback from all ( Dixon, 1992 ) .Harbor point undertaking will demo that it is traveling to make more chances for the people or it would saturate the sum of occupations. It is fact that more earning grounds have to be leaning out as there is traveling to be building all around the topog raphic points. The rewards and the wages have to be equal for all labours irrespective of their reach and vicinity. There has to biasness in every face so that the society could impact a perfect gesture to others.It is a vulgar fact that occupation are presumptuousness to those who belong to the same vicinity of company, this imbalance occupation chance has to be eradicated. All people have to be minded(p) occupations on the footing of virtue and endowment and the tendency of unfairness has to be removed ( Dietrich & A Skinner, 1979 ) . There are certain entities that are involved in the Baltimore Harbors undertaking, for case the investors, employees, authorities employees, man of affairs, the people shacking in the specific country and the elective people. All these people are a portion of the Baltimores undertaking and all the safety steps have to be taken into consideration from each and every facet.Proposed solutionOne of the major jobs is the direction and deliverable of activities sing the Baltimore building. The jobs could be resolved if there is a develop direction and perfect determination. All the issues would be possible resolved in the most professional manner. There has to be aim of unfastened broad infinites so that geomorphologic makeover could be built in much specific manner. This job is supposed to be corrected on clip so that there could be flawlessness at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. There have to be engaging of professional civil applied scientists who know their duty and bring about the issues solved ( Chesterman, 1978 ) .MentionsChesterman, C. W. ( 1978 ) . The Field pass away to nitrogen American throw offs and Minerals The Audubon Society, New York, Alfred Knopf, Inc. , p.850.Dietrich, R.V. , & A Skinner, B. J. ( 1979 ) . Rocks and Rock Minerals New York, John Wiley & A Sons, p.319.Dixon, D. ( 1992 ) . The unimaginative Geologist New York, Simon and Schuster, p.160.Dorsey, J. , & A Dilts, J. D. ( 1981 ) . A Guide to Baltimore Architecture Centreville, Md. , Tidewater Publishers, p. 327.

The Enemy Within

Juan Conde Professor Muniz 19 November 2012 English 67 The Enemy Within Throughout life e in truth maven is labored to face their knowledge worst enemy and testament have a muddle of trouble confronting and transaction with them t wear worst enemy ordain al focuss be themselves. This enemy brings whiley both(prenominal)ers and inner conflicts that are k nonty to solve. Every angiotensin converting enzyme has their make right smart of coping with these problems, some more than critical than early(a)s. In the book chemists shop Cowboy, by James Fogle, the main character docking facility deals with this dichotomy in different was through with(predicate)out the book and his both sides are very easily differentiated.Throughout the book bottle cork is faced with rough decisions and has the choice of either world that tender-hearted and warmth man or the ferocious and manipulative man that he flock be. As he is making these decisions track has to not solo think o f the situation save alike fool sure that his conclave is safe or if he needs to use them. docking facility is a very multiform individual with two conflicting sides to him, one that is used to show his humane and caring temper and the other is used to intimidate or verify state. Deep down, go after is a caring and humane man.He protects his crew with his life he puts himself on the controversy for his crew and for the mint he cares some the exchangeable his mother and Diane. This side of phellem is made very clear when he visits his mother and shows her nothing barely respect and he even shows some obscureness when speaking to her. When trails mom exclaims that bobfloat is a thief he replies, Jesus, Mama, when have I ever stole anything from your house? Name me one thing I ever took from you without telling you? save name me one thing? (Fogle58). The way he replies and speaks to his mother shows that he has the outmost respect for her, his way of talking to h is mother shows humility.When speaking with his mother he al slipway calls her mama or mom he neer called her by her first name or by anything else. trail also shows a propagate of submissiveness when he is with his mom, it seems homogeneous he still feels like a little kid when he dialogue or confronts her. Bob would do anything for his wife, Diane. Bob love Diane when he first met her he felt like she wasnt like other woman. Bob took Diane cross-roading yet when had the intentions of stealing her car, instead he fell for her. Fogle comes to rationalize how Bob felt about Diane, Bob love Diane body and soul by then.Even narcotics had never brought him the sport and satisfaction that Diane did back then (166). It seems like Bob is truly a caring and humane person because of how he felt and still feels about Diane. Bob seems to put Diane before himself subconsciously he cogency not want people to see how oftentimes he really cares about her lonesome(prenominal) when bo neheaded down she means everything to him, he give prevail her as much as he scum bag. It also seems that Bob only wants to keep Diane happy barely he thinks that the only way he can do that is with narcotics.Bob seems to always try to hide how he feels about the people close to him because he is panic-struck that something might happen to them and he just wants them to be safe and out of harms way he is truly a caring and safety-related individual. On the other hand Bob can also be a very maniacal and manipulative, he can even seem barbaric and cruel he uses any means unavoidable to obtain what he is after, he finds a way to hold and control people to make his plans go how he wants. Bob will use people to control a situation to go in his favor without any resentment about what happens to the other people.Bob show his manipulative side when he told his crew I just wrote the narcos and anonymously told them that the reason they could never catch Bob Hughes for possession of narcotics was that he had an accord with the guy that lived on the north side of him(Fogle 82). Bob doesnt seem to have any problem using people to lay out what he wants he doesnt seem to have a conscience. about of Bobs actions show how he is a manipulative man, he uses people in rig achieve what he wants. Bob would go through any means necessary in install to see any(prenominal) he wants.Through Bobs actions it seems that he is nothing just a selfish man that only cares about what he will receive from the situation. It seems that Bob only wants to do only what he will benefit from he doesnt seem to care about anything or anyone else. Bob is also cruel and inhumane towards his own crew. When Bob walks into the room after an attempt to get drugs he sees Nadines dead body and a hat on the bed he then pays more attention and is more worried about having a hat on the bed than Nadine being dead. subsequently seeing Rick balling and crying over her Bob shook his head in disgust. She beat you, man.Your own woman beat you out of part of your own cut on a score. She got what she deserves (Fogle 134). This shows how Bob not only doesnt care about what happened to her, but also he has been desensitized to death, he only cares about the fact that she wasted the drugs and left them with the burden of having to get rid of a dead body. Bob only sees that because he feels like she cheated them out of the drugs and they cant do anything about it. Bob also seems to act this way because of how Nadine has acted in the past, she would complain a lot and always wanted more than she could handle.Throughout the book Bob shows that he can and will use and manipulate people into doing what he wants so that he gets what he wants and whatever it is he has been working for. In both scenes Bob shows how he can get into peoples heads and make sure that they do whatever he wants them to do to achieve whatever he wants. Life is full of nothing but conflicts and uncontrollable situa tions and everyone has their own way of dealing with them. Throughout the book, Drugstore Cowboy, Bob is put through miscellaneous difficult situations which he handles in one of two ways being a humane and caring man or being a manipulative and maniacal man.Bob is depicted as both a caring and maniacal man in the sense that he cares a lot about his crew but also if the situation calls for it he will not care at all for them. Bob will manipulate anyone who gets in his way of obtaining what he wants, but he cares for those close to him but will sometimes even use them in order to get what he wants. Bob has a very complex way of living and thinking and it is showed in various ways throughout the book. Work Cited Fogle, James. Drugstore Cowboy. forward-looking York Dell Publishing, 1990. Print.