Martin Luther And John Calvin - 1069 Words

Martin Luther and John Calvin were both leaders in the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther was a monk, or priest, in the Augustinian friars’ order and his ideals were that Catholicism were corrupting the New Testament beliefs and people were saved by faith alone not by buying their way into heaven. John Calvin studied law â€Å"but in 1533 he experienced a religious crisis, as a result of which he converted from Catholicism to Protestantism. Calvin believed that God had specifically selected him to reform the church† (McKay et al., 2015, pg. 448). â€Å"The cornerstone of Calvin’s theology was his belief in the absolute sovereignty and omnipotence of God and the total weakness of humanity† (McKay et al., 2015, pg. 448). With the help of the printing press, Martin Luther was able to get his ideas out more quickly. â€Å"Much of central Europe and Scandinavia had broken with the Catholic church I a movement that came to be known as the protestant reformat ion† (McKay et al., 2015, pg. 439). Critics of the church had focused their attacks on immortality, ignorance, and absenteeism of the clergy in the early 16th century. Luther had studied St. Paul’s letters in the New Testament when he realized that â€Å"salvation and justification came through faith, and that faith is a giddy from God, not the result of Hickman effort† (McKay et al., 2015, pg. 440). Luther was troubled that people didn’t have to repent after they would buy these indulgences. â€Å"Christianity rid itself of certain corruptShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther And John Calvin Serve1808 Words   |  8 PagesRegarded as the founding fathers of the Reformation, Martin Luther and John Calvin serve as the foundations for two great trends of Protestantism that revolutionized the world. Beyond what unites them, these men both carried different world views. One has a square face, a rather pudgy body, and is characterized as being egocentric, stubborn, u nwavering (refuses to declined or be declined by anything or anyone), and fancied himself as the center of all gravity. The other has a long face, beard, pointyRead MoreMartin Luther : Freedom Of A Christian And John Calvin1147 Words   |  5 Pagesdivide his empire causing tensions to pull Europe in all different directions. Because of this division, many followers had converted to various competing branches of Protestantism within the Holy Roman empire. The sources, Martin Luther: Freedom of a Christian and John Calvin: Articles Concerning Predestination and The Necessity of Reforming the Church, contained similarities and differences in regards to Church reforms while St. Ignatius of Loyola: A New Kind of Catholicism specifically had slightlyRead MoreMartin Luther and John Calvin as Religious Leaders of the Reformation607 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther and John Calvin as Religious Leaders of the Reformation Martin Luther became an Augustinian Monk in 1505. He spent two years studying Scripture before being ordained as a priest. In 1510, Luther was sent to Rome and was shocked by the spiritual laxity. After finishing his theological doctorate, he became a professor at Wittenberg, in 1515, Luther became the district vicar. Luther began to develop his own theology and in 1516 he felt compelled to protestRead MoreMartin Luther And John Calvin Views On Sinful People1908 Words   |  8 PagesMartin Luther and John Calvin  ­ Views on Sinful People Justification by faith (Sola Fide), the core value of the Reformation, is the belief that righteousness from God is a recompense for sinner s accounts through faith alone. The sixteenth- century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church resulted in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches. Reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin were two of the most significant figures in the history of The ReformationRead MoreTheological Differences Between Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin2834 Words   |  12 PagesTHEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MARTIN LUTHER, ULRICH ZWINGLI AND JOHN CALVIN INTRODUCTION The purpose of this essay is to discuss the significant theological differences that occurred between Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin. To gain a greater understanding of their theological differences it must first be discovered who these prominent men were. Once this is achieved why they longed for reformation will be discovered. In doing so many similarities in what they were trying to bringRead MoreIn spite of the fact that Martin Luther and John Calvin completed impart a percentage of the same1000 Words   |  4 PagesIn spite of the fact that Martin Luther and John Calvin completed impart a percentage of the same convictions, they had numerous components that strongly separated them. Martin Luther had confidence in salvation through acts of kindness, while John Calvin unequivocally had faith in fate. Martin Luther and John Calvins teachings were likewise diverse because of the way that Martin Luther believed in partition of church and state. Notwithstanding their disparities, they did offer the conviction thatRead MoreThe Colonial Period Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagespresent society through questioning past beliefs. Martin Luther leads the Protestant Reformation. John Calvin expands on the idea of predestination. The Puritans live strictly by the word of the Bible, and the Quakers inspire many people to join them in their friendly lifestyle. All of these people contribute to our society today and brave the face of adversity. Martin Luther, born in 1483, comes from a poor upbringing. Religious as a boy, Martin Luther earns his wages by singing hymns. He later entersRead MoreThe Most Important Results Of The Reformation994 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most important results of the Reformation Era is the Martin Luther 95 theses. Another really important results that impacted the Reformation Era is religion. Religion is really significant back then because of how powerful God or God’s were. These two reasons are what made the most significant impact in the history of the Reformation Era. Martin Luther 95 theses was one of the most important results of the Reformation Era. Martin Luther came up with 95 theses that secured the church door in WittenburgRead MoreProtestant Reformation1706 Words   |  7 PagesTradition (Calvin), and the Anabaptists. Key figures in the Protestants or protesters included John Knox, John Calvin, Zwingli, and Martin Luther. More doctrinal distinctions became obvious, and the previously integrated Christianity split into numerous warring groups. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, thousands of individuals were murdered as a result of Christian religion. In the current world, Protestants and Catholics in the spirit of ecumenism regard themselves as â€Å"brothers in Christ†. Martin LutherRead MoreGovernment And Law In Reformation Theology . The Protestant1105 Words   |  5 PagesGovernment and Law in Reformation Theology The Protestant Reformation’s initiation through Martin Luther’s criticism of the Catholic Church with his Ninety-Five Theses brought about a united front of Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin, and Martin Luther and their attempts to reform the Catholic Church, all of whom eventually split from the Church and started their own religious movements. As the Reformation movement flourished under each leader, their theological differences eventually split the movements

Unemployment And Its Effects On Society - 1294 Words

Problem Statement Unemployment is a very important problem that it is not only an economic issue, but it is related to the social and political issues. Increasing the level of unemployment will decrease the level of Keynes’ effective demand that is going to increase the investors’ uncertainty and less investments will take place. As a result, the economy as a whole will move from recession to depression and the unemployment is dramatically increasing. On the other hand, unemployment has a direct impact on society in a variety of negative ways. A lot of studies found that the level of crimes and drug users is high among unemployment citizens. The unemployed may consider crime as an alternative path to earn money. Finally, the high level of unemployment, in most cases, could lead to instability in the political system due to protest against the existing political system. In conclusion, unemployment is a complex issue that needs a lot of work to solve it. The full employme nt economic society is a precondition behind economic stabilization and prosperity. This dissertation takes the position that relying on the private sector to solve the problem of unemployment is historically not possible. Therefore, the government intervention towards solving the problem of unemployment is necessary. The government’s responsibility is filling the gap of unemployment by investing in projects that are usually not handled by the private sector due to small margin of profit and high level ofShow MoreRelatedUnemployment And Its Effects On Society923 Words   |  4 Pageswho is available for work, yet he or she does not have any opportunities is called unemployed. When we think of unemployment, we directly refer to a person without a job or â€Å"jobless†. However, we do not consider what were the causes of that situation? Or what was the result? Unemployment has always been a social scourge. It is crucial to understand the causes and effects of unemploym ent because it can happen to almost anyone in this globe. Also, it is equally important to resolve this issue beforeRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On Society1020 Words   |  5 PagesUnemployment is when a person who is vigorously looking for employment and is incapable to find work. Unemployment can affect people in a wide range of ways. The effect of idleness has far-reaching consequences. Even those who don t undergo layoffs in an office may find that their jobs or their personal lives have been destructively impacted. Idleness, as stated above, can have a wide range of affects on different types of people, such as refugees in Austria. Walter Renner and Birgit Senft statedRead MoreUnemployment and Its Effect on the Economy and Society3088 Words   |  13 PagesUnemployment is an ongoing problem throughout the world. One may asked, what is unemployment? It is the number of persons who are willing and able to work but are unable to find jobs. Unemployment is harmful to a country because it imposes costs on a Society. The cost of employment to a nation can be categorised under three heading, namely  · The Social Cost  · The Cost to the Exchequer  · The Economic Cost The Social Cost of Unemployment The social cost of involuntary unemployment is incalculableRead MoreA Brief Note On Unemployment And Its Effects On Society1966 Words   |  8 Pagesin Australia DEFINITION Unemployment takes place when a subject who is actively incisive for employment but impotent to find work. Unemployment is frequently seen as a measurement of the economies overall health. When calculating to number of unemployed people in a district is primarily perceived as an ‘unemployment rate’. An unemployment rate is the amount of unemployed subjects divided by the amount of people in the labour force in an area. Characteristics: Unemployment is customarily proratedRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Unemployment1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Causes and Effects of Unemployment Travis Epling Strayer University ENG 105 Jeanette Trammel 9/14/14 Causes and Effects of Unemployment There are many reasons for unemployment in the United States and around the world. Some of these causes are created by the individual and others are out of their control. No matter what the cause for unemployment, it has a devastating effect on the individual, family, and economy. Unemployment defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica is the conditionRead MoreMinimum Wage And Its Effect On The Economy1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe In today’s society, people face to many serious issues which affect the society both in a positive and negative ways such as increasing the employment rate and increasing the unemployment rate. The increasing of unemployment rate is caused by some reasons, and one of the problem that causes the high unemployment rate is the issue of minimum wage. Depending on the states in U.S., the price of minimum wage is different, but the low minimum wage may cause the economic condition worse. MinimumRead MoreSociology Of Work : Good Jobs, Bad Jobs989 Words   |  4 Pages background This paper is a final essay assignment for SOC 3421W which is â€Å"Sociology of Work: Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, No Jobs?†. This essay is about â€Å"No Jobs† in America today, and the effects of a jobless situation on individuals, and my policy recommendations for increasing good jobs, reducing bad jobs, and eliminating no jobs will be described in this essay. This sample is the first part of the essay which includes introduction and some parts about the term, causes and consequences. I have someRead MoreIntroduction. The Rising Unemployment Has Generated Challenges1381 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The rising unemployment has generated challenges in low income communities. Unemployment involves a situation where people in a particular community are actively seeking employment but the employment rates are low. The increased rates of unemployment are contributed to by factors such as recession periods that adversely affects the economy. Impacts on the economy in turn affect the labor force leading to loss of employment and reducing the rates of employment opportunities in the countryRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Aspects of Job Migration943 Words   |  4 PagesApril to June 2013).This essay seeks to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of labor migration. This research will begin by evaluating the economic effects of job migration it will then proceed to investigate the social effects. In the process it will be highlighted that the impacts of migration are balanced. Main body Economical effects Job migration has negative and positive impacts on economy. All countries take taxes from migrants. Migrants fail to pay taxes in their home country, butRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On America926 Words   |  4 Pagesquarter month 2014 to date† (Bolen). Unemployment is the one of the biggest poverty problems in America. But what is unemployment? Unemployment is described as when people are looking for job within the past four weeks and can’t find work, however, it can also mean an economic condition that is marked by the fact that individuals actively seeking jobs remain unhired (Unemployment Definition). Unemployment affects the United States economic system, and the society in this nation. The United States

Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Incentives MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Incentives. Answer: Introduction In the present environment of highly competitive market, every organization irrespective of its market and industry size acknowledges the significant role of the employees in the success of the company and therefore, endeavors to hold on to them (Pinder 2014). In order to retain them and enhance the organizational effectiveness, the companies have to create a positive and strong relationship with its employees and motivate them to achieve the best performance level. The organizations also develop various strategies to help the members achieve their goals in competitive markets and improve their performance. Presently there has been a rising awareness among the organizations that the human capital is one of the main assets and that if the employees are motivated to strive to excellence, it becomes much easier for the leaders and managers to attain success for the organization (Olafsen et al. 2015). However, the motivating factors for the employees tend to vary from employee to employe e; while some are motivated by personal achievement, others are driven by financial security. It is very important for the organizational leaders to understand the needs and expectations of the employees from their job and incorporate them in the organizational policies and environment. Three articles have been chosen from the Journal of Organizational Behavior to evaluate the fact that which motivational factors work the most as the stimuli for the employees. Similarities among the Articles Three of the articles try to reach the factors of motivation from different angles yet they contain some certain points of similarity among them. Two of the articles written by Conway et al. (2015) and Fernet, Gagne and Austin (2010) refer to the intrinsic motivational factor. The intrinsic motivational aspects are those activities that are done for ones own sake, as it seems satisfying and interesting in themselves. This is, however a part of the self-motivation theory and the article written by Conway et al. (2015) indeed refer to the application of this theory and its characteristics on the clergy of Church of England. This article, in fact helps to recognize the relationship between daily well-being of the organization members and the calling enactment by applying the self-determination theory. On the other hand, the article written by Fernet, Gagne and Austin (2010) admits the influence of self-determined motivation while performing any job then further divulges into discovering the influence of relationship among the workers that can trim down their burnout. Moreover, the similarity lies between the study conducted by Fernet, Gagne and Austin (2010) and Zhang et al. (2015) in terms of the research methods also. Both the studies use data collection method in order to reveal the factors affecting motivation. Furthermore in three of the articles there is significant insight on ideal HRM practices where all the writers have agreed that trust on management and higher level of HRM practices have immense impact on employee efficiency. The research done by Zhang et al. (2015), in line with the two others, in fact, directly refer to the effectiveness of high HRM practices in terms of performance appraisal, rewards and compensation as well as managing employee involvement and interpret that these have a positive result on increasing employee motivation in the job. Besides, the studies unanimously conclude that the companies should identify the underlying needs of t he employees. As these requirements are satisfied, the employees will be self-motivated and ultimately focus on their jobs. Differences among the Articles Although three of the articles focus on the same topic of motivation, they differ in approach and hence, naturally there will be differences among them. In the first place, the article by Zhang et al. (2015) seeks motivational aspect in the external resources i.e. the pay for performance or PFP. It explores the fact whether PFP undermines or promotes the performance of the employees in Chinese firms and whether this reward centric approach of business firms can relate to the factor of creativity. This article is essentially grounded on HRM theories and practices especially dealing with the recruitment, promotion and appraisal of performances. While this article is based on some extrinsic motivational factors stated in self-determination theory stimulated by external rewards, the article by Fernet, Gagne and Austin (2010) refers to intrinsic motivational factor like relationships among the employees. The research strives to identify the role of this sociable work environment as releas ing emotional burnout. The interpretation of the research reveals that the employees who exhibit lower self-determined motivation can certainly be benefited from this intrinsic factor of released burnout due to high-quality relationships at workplace. While conducting the research the researchers have paid considerable attention to the principal causes that generates burnout among the employees and whether there is any contribution of the lack of motivation in this. The examiners have also investigated the function of health-protecting factors that can potentially shield the employees from having burnout. Significantly, the researchers try to find here the function of work motivation created by the high quality relationships among the employees driving them towards success. The third study conducted by Conway et al. (2015) dealt with a different perspective on intrinsic features like calling and motivation. Now, the calling perspective on motivation has not been mentioned in two oth er articles. Calling in modern terms refers to the autonomy in the process and meaning of the work. As Conway et al. (2015) states, the calling enactment is the inner drive of an employee with self-determination and this actually ensures the well-being of the members while they are associated with the organization. The study explores the potential of calling i.e. the intention or motivation of a person to do the work. Hence, the difference among the articles lies in that they seek to explore motivating factors for different circumstances and naturally, the emphasis is placed on different resources. Although these three articles have focused on different aspects of HR practices of a business organization, primary objective of all the articles is to provide a vivid picture about the role of human resource management. These three articles have concentrated on the importance of Human resource management department of an organization to motivate the employees to give their best performance to achieve the organizational goal. The development of an organization is highly dependent on employees performance. Human resource managers play crucial role to improve the quality of the employees performance (Wang, Noe and Wang 2014). Human resource department of a business organization works as a link between the organizational authority and staff members. By providing training and development program to the employees, human resource managers influence the performance of the employees. According these articles the relationship among the coworkers also plays a significant role in the organizati onal performance. Human resource managers establish a strong relation among the fellow workers and provide healthy and friendly atmosphere within the organization. It boosts the motivation of the employees. It is the responsibility of the HR manager to inform them about the positive impact of team work and motivate them to work as a team. It will change the scenario of organizational structure. Employees will work as a team to achieve the common goal. As per these articles, human resource managers play crucial role in involving the employees in the decision making process of the organization. It provides a sense of importance among the employees. They will feel as an important part of the organization by such practices. It will motivate them to contribute to build a bright future for the organization. It is important for a team to communicate with each other as well as interact with the organizational authority. It will be beneficial to provide a clear picture about the organization al objective. It will motivate the employees to improve the quality of their performance to achieve the organizational target. These three articles are interrelated. These three articles have concentrated on the impact of human resource managers in motivating employees. Employees are the key element of an organization. The success of the organization depends on the performance of each of the employees. It is important for the organizational management is to improve the quality of the performance of each of the employees to fight against other rival organization, as in this competitive era, every business organization is facing tough competition from their competitors. Business organizations are incorporating new and innovative techniques every now and then to provide quality service to their consumers. It will be beneficial for the organization to survive in the competition. Thus, every business organization is relying on the human resource department to improve the performance quality of their employees. HR practices are an integral part of the organizational strategy (Barrick, Mount and Li 2013). It covers almost all the areas of organizational functions. It is a key function of human resource department to motivate the employees to foster the growth of the organization. These three theories have concentrated on motivational function of human resource managers. HR managers often implement various strategies to build a strong relation among the employees. They are highly responsible to maintain healthy and friendly relation within the organization, as it is important to provide a friendly atmosphere to the employees to ensure the growth of the organization. In order to achieve the organizational target, human resource managers must maintain a transparent relation with the employees by providing clear idea about the organizational target. It will make the employees to feel as an important part of the organization. The human resource managers must involve the employees in an organizational decision making process. It may generate a creative idea. It may lead the organization to earn des ired target and put a strong footprint in the industry. Moreover, it will motivate the employees and increase commitment towards the organization. It will improve employees performance as well as organizational performance (Montano and Kasprzyk 2015). Use of the Interpretation in the Organizational Structure Any organization that is facing various challenges due to the rise of various rival companies can implement motivational theory to boost the performance of the employees. Human resource managers of that organization can conduct various programs where they can share their vision with the employees. It will provide a strong platform to the employees to share their opinion over an issue. It will establish a strong relation among the employees and organizational authority which is beneficial for the development of the organization. Such program will motivate the employees to implement efficient strategies to achieve the desired target of the organization and establish a better future for the organization. Any business organization that is experiencing various challenges due to the low performance of the employees must motivate the employees (Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford 2014). Human resource managers of that organization must review the performance of the employees frequently. It will help them to identify the weak performers. Human resource managers can organize various development programs where they can provide training session to enhance the employees skills. HR managers will be able to know their work experience as well as the issues they are facing in their work place. By identifying the actual problem of the weak performer, HR managers can resolve the issues to promote the performance of the employees. There are several obstacles that an employee can face to give their best performance, such as- health issues, psychological issues. Human resource managers must scrutinize the actual reason behind the low performance rate of that particular employee. It will help the HR manager to resolve the issue and foster the growth of the organization. In this case human resource manager must monitor the performance graph of the employees to maintain to understand the growth of the employees as well as the growth of the organization. The human resource managers must be capa ble of interacting with the employees in an effective manner. It will help them to maintain effective relation with the employees which will be beneficial to overcome all the issues facing by the organizational management due to low performance rate of the employees (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Conclusion Reviewing the three articles, it can be said that all of them try to reach the same conclusion on how the organizations can employ motivational factors effectively according to the given circumstances. The articles also make it evident that both the extrinsic and the intrinsic factors of self-determination are important for stimulating the employees; however, the result should be to create such an environment that drives them automatically. Therefore, all the managers need to find the means suitable for their circumstances and purposes and the cumulative wisdom concluded from these articles are likely to show positive result as in the case of the chosen organization situation. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Barrick, M.R., Mount, M.K. and Li, N., 2013. The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.132-153. Cerasoli, C.P., Nicklin, J.M. and Ford, M.T., 2014. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin,140(4), p.980. Conway, N., Clinton, M., Sturges, J. and Budjanovcanin, A. 2015. Using self-determination theory to understand the relationship between calling enactment and daily well-being. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(8), pp.1114-1131. Fernet, C., Gagne, M. and Austin, S. 2010. When does quality of relationships with coworkers predict burnout over time? The moderating role of work motivation. [online] Available at: https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2010_FernetGagneAustin_JOB.pdf [Accessed 1 May 2017]. Montano, D.E. and Kasprzyk, D., 2015. Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model.Health behavior: Theory, research and practice (. Olafsen, A.H., Halvari, H., Forest, J. and Deci, E.L., 2015. Show them the money? The role of pay, managerial need support, and justice in a self?determination theory model of intrinsic work motivation.Scandinavian journal of psychology,56(4), pp.447-457. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Wang, S., Noe, R.A. and Wang, Z.M., 2014. Motivating knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems: A quasifield experiment.Journal of Management,40(4), pp.978-1009. Zhang, Y., Long, L., Wu, T. and Huang, X. 2015. When is pay for performance related to employee creativity in the Chinese context? The role of guanxi HRM practice, trust in management, and intrinsic motivation. [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yong_Zhang158/publication/275718296_When_is_pay_for_performance_related_to_employee_creativity_in_the_Chinese_context_The_role_of_guanxi_HRM_practice_trust_in_management_and_intrinsic_motivation_PFP_Guanxi_HRM_Practice_and_Creativity/links/571f80b808aed056fa234b66/When-is-pay-for-performance-related-to-employee-creativity-in-the-Chinese-context-The-role-of-guanxi-HRM-practice-trust-in-management-and-intrinsic-motivation-PFP-Guanxi-HRM-Practice-and-Creativit.pdf [Accessed 1 May 2017].

Lorenzos Oil Essays - Methylphenidate, RTT, , Term Papers

Lorenzos Oil Larry Hood Project IV STEPS 2 & 3 Article 1 1. What is property P? Increase in brain activity 2. What is the sample? The 16 boys 3. What is the population? All children 4. What is the implicit question? Why is there a difference in brain function between normal kids and kids with ADHD. 5. What is not the implicit question? Do all children have a property p? 6. What type of argument? Sampling 7. what did they look at? They looked at 16 children who were diagnosed with ADHD six were not. 8. IQ: Is there a difference in brain function between normal kids and kids with ADHD? 9. NOT: Do all children have a difference in brain function? Schematization S1 6% of school children suffer from ADHD and require medication. S2 They looked at 16 children between 8 and 13 who were diagnosed with ADHD six were not.. S3 Ritalin is the drug used to treat children with hyperactive and aggressive behavior. S4/C1 ADHD children react differently than normal kids when given Ritalin S5 Children with ADHD exhibit problems like poor listening and poor impulse control.. S6 Healthy children have a decrease in brain activity when given Ritalin. C2 Ritalin has no positive effect on behavior in healthy children Article 2 1. What type of argument? Correlation 2. What is A ? GIK treatment (glucose insulin and potassium) 3. What is B? Reduction in heart attack deaths. 4. Causal Mechanism? Clogged arteries 5. What is the implicit question? Why does oxygen nourishment (GIK)to the heart reduce heart attack deaths? 6. NOT- What caused a reduction I Heart attacks? 7. Which rival explains why a and b occur together? Forward cause Rival - Those that received treatment did not have clogged arteries. The argument in the article is a correlation argument. There is a correlation between A the GIK treatment and B the reduction in heart attack deaths. The arguer believes there is a correlation because of a prior study. This study was originally conducted in 1960. And had showed and overall reduction in heart attack death rate by half. This study was discarded however because of poorly conducted clinical tests. These tests led many doctors to doubt that it worked. The study conducted called GIK for glucose, insulin and potassium nourishes t65he heart muscle that are deprived of oxygen immediately following a heart attack. The causal mechanism are clogged arteries that reduce the flow of oxygen to the heart. The researches need to continue the study of the treatment along with the treatment for clogged arteries to consider this a strong argument. Many of the findings are undermined by the fact that many of the patients that survived were receiving clot busting drugs combined with the G IK treatment. This is relevant data to support the conclusion. S1 Patients who received the GIK treatment combined with clot busting drugs have a better chance of surviving a heart attack. S2 The treatment provides energy to the heart muscle during and immediately after a heart attack. C1 If doctors use the GIK treatment combined with clot busting drugs the heart attack death rate will decrease. Article 3 1. What is A? the CHD1 gene 2. What is B? Causes heart disease. 3. What is causal mechanism? Bad diet and lack of exercise 4. Is the Author saying one thing cause another? Yes 5. What is the implicit question? Why does the gene appear to promot heart disease? 6. NOT - What caused the heart disease. 7. This could be common cause because there are environmental factors that could be the cause of A and B. Rival - The gene caused the body to over produce cholesterol which collects in the arteries and cause blockage of blood flow to the heart. The argument for the article is a correlation argument. There is a correlation between A the CHD1 gene and B heart disease. The arguer believes there is a correlation because of the study of the 75 families who had a history of early heart disease. The causal mechanism is Bad diet and lack of exercise. Relevant data to support the conclusion would be causes of arterial blockage and how many of the children had high levels of cholesterol. If the children had high levels of cholesterol in their blood this would be relevant data to support the conclusion. I believe this is a weak argument. S1 10% of the families in the study were